IPD 2026 / Acetylcysteine

Pharmaceutics — 07

References

Sources cited across the Pharmaceutics component, listed in Harvard style in order of first citation.

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  2. 02Pfizer (2023) Acetylcysteine Solution, USP — Prescribing Information. Available at: labeling.pfizer.com/ShowLabeling.aspx?id=4101 (Accessed: 4 September 2026).
  3. 03Abrami, M. et al. (2024) 'Mucus Structure, Viscoelastic Properties, and Composition in Chronic Respiratory Diseases', International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(3).
  4. 04Buckingham, R. (2020) Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. 40th ed. London: Pharmaceutical Press, pp. 1718–1720.
  5. 05Cleveland Clinic (2024) Mucus. Available at: my.clevelandclinic.org (Accessed: September 2026).
  6. 06Cleveland Clinic (2026) Nebulizer. Available at: my.clevelandclinic.org (Accessed: September 2026).
  7. 07Cleveland Clinic (2023) Mucolytic. Available at: my.clevelandclinic.org (Accessed: September 2026).
  8. 08DailyMed (2026) Acetylcysteine solution. Available at: dailymed.nlm.nih.gov (Accessed: September 2026).
  9. 09Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town (2022) South African Medicines Formulary. Cape Town: South African Medical Association, pp. 591–592.
  10. 10Aronson, J.K. (2016) Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs. 16th ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  11. 11Máiz Carro, L. and Wagner Struwing, C. (2011) 'Benefits of nebulized therapy: basic concepts', Archivos de Bronconeumología, 47(6).
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  14. 14Wang, S.C., Kuo, T.H., Rai, C.I. and Chen, Y.C. (2026) 'Inhalation: A Smart Strategy and Increasing Potential for Drug Delivery', Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 20, p.575392. doi:10.2147/DDDT.S575392.
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  17. 17Cleveland Clinic (2022) Bronchitis. Available at: my.clevelandclinic.org (Accessed: September 2026).
  18. 18Cleveland Clinic (2026) Emphysema. Available at: my.clevelandclinic.org (Accessed: September 2026).
  19. 19Cleveland Clinic (2026) Tuberculosis. Available at: my.clevelandclinic.org (Accessed: September 2026).
  20. 20Kanchustambham, V. and Brown, B.D. (2026) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. South Carolina: StatPearls Publishing LLC.
  21. 21Mayo Clinic (2024) Cystic Fibrosis. Available at: mayoclinic.org (Accessed: September 2026).
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  23. 23AEMPS (2020) Ambroxol Aldo-Unión 15 mg/2 ml, solución/concentrado para inhalación por nebulizador. Available at: cima.aemps.es (Accessed: September 2026).
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  25. 25Olofsson, A.-C., Hermansson, M. and Elwing, H. (2003) 'N-Acetyl-L-cysteine affects growth, extracellular polysaccharide production, and bacterial biofilm formation on solid surfaces', Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69(8), pp.4814–4822. Available at: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (Accessed: September 2026).
  26. 26Primas, N. et al. (2023) 'Stability Study of Parenteral N-Acetylcysteine, and Chemical Inhibition of Its Dimerization', Pharmaceuticals, 16(1), p.72. Available at: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (Accessed: September 2026).
  27. 27Pinto, I.S.S., Neto, I.F.F. and Soares, H.M.V.M. (2014) 'Biodegradable chelating agents for industrial, domestic, and agricultural applications—a review', Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21(20), pp.11893–11906. Available at: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (Accessed: September 2026).
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  31. 31United States Environmental Protection Agency (2026) Hydrochloric Acid Production: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP). Available at: epa.gov (Accessed: September 2026).
  32. 32Rögener, F. (2024) Increasing the Sustainability of Pharmaceutical Grade Water Production. Available at: onlinelibrary.wiley.com (Accessed: September 2026).
  33. 33Google Patents (n.d.) CN112245412B – Acetylcysteine solution for inhalation and preparation method and application thereof. Available at: patents.google.com (Accessed: September 2026).
  34. 34United States Pharmacopeial Convention (2025) Acetylcysteine Compounded Solution. USP-NF. Available at: doi.org/10.31003/USPNF_M9313_04_01 (Accessed: September 2026).
  35. 35Landry, J. (2026) 'Bronchospasm: Causes, Signs, Treatment, and Key Concepts', Respiratory Therapy Zone. Available at: respiratorytherapyzone.com (Accessed: 8 September 2026).
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